English Project Grade 11

  BIOGRAPHY OF KI HAJAR DEWANTARA Ki Hadjar Dewantoro, Dewantoro also spelled Dewantara, original name Raden Mas (Lord) Suwardi Surjaningrat, (born May 2, 1889, Yogyakarta, Java, Dutch East Indies [now Indonesia]—died April 26, 1959, Yogyakarta), founder of the Taman Siswa (literally “Garden of Students”) school system, an influential and widespread network of schools that encouraged modernization but also promoted indigenous Indonesian culture. Dewantoro was born into a noble family of Yogyakarta and attended a Dutch-sponsored medical school but failed to complete the course. Active in the nationalist cause, he belonged to a faction favouring direct action and the use of Western methods to destroy the power of the Dutch. He was also a member of the Bandung chapter of Sarekat Islām (“Islamic Association”) and a founder of the Socialist Indische Partij (“Indies Party”). An article he wrote during this period, “If I Were a Netherlander,” published in the Indische Partij’s De Express,...

  This story is telling us that we must tell others about the truth. Because telling the truth is so important.  Honesty is crucial to a healthy relationship with ourselves and others. It can help us resolve longstanding issues, find forgiveness, and deepen our relationships with the people who surround us. Why do we lie? It’s clear that without being honest with ourselves we’ll never be honest with others. What are the obstacles to achieving this kind of clarity and how do we overcome them? And once we gain clarity, how do we communicate truthfully in a productive and positive manner?

BULLYING Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems. In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include: - An Imbalance of Power: Kids who bully use their power—such as physical strength, access to embarrassing information, or popularity—to control or harm others. Power imbalances can change over time and in different situations, even if they involve the same people. - Repetition: Bullying behaviors happen more than once or have the potential to happen more than once. Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose. Types of Bullying There are three types of bullying: 1. Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Ve...

 Narrative Text Definition: - Narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people. - Narrative text is a spoken or written account of connected events, a story. - Narrative text is narrated part of a literary work, as distinct from dialogue. - Narrative text is the practice or art or narration Generic Structure of Narrative Text: 1 . Orientation: It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced. (person, time, and place) 2 . Complication: where the problems in the story developed. 3 . Resolution: where the problems in the story is solved. Sometimes (generic structure) narrative text can be contained: Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution, and Reorientation. Even though “Evaluation” and “Reorientation” it is optional; can be added or not. Evaluation contains of controlling and evaluating a love adventure or conflict Reorientation contains the conclusion of the end story Language Features: - Using part action verb: Climbed, Turned,...

Once upon a time, there was a fisherman who lived in a small hut near the seaside with his wife. One day, he went fishing. He sat on his boat with his road. Suddenly his float was dragged into the water and he managed to catch a big fish, he was very happy because of that fish will feed them for days. Suddenly the fish said to him that it was an enchanted fish, the fish actually was a prince. And he wanted the fisherman to put him again to the water and he did that. When the fisherman went home, he told everything to his wife. His wife looks disappointed because he didn’t ask anything. And then, she told him to return and asked the fish if they wanted a snug little cottage. But he wasn’t sure about that but he still went to the seashore and sat in his boat. He started to call the fish. The fish immediately came swimming to him. The fisherman asked what his wife want, so the fish gave it. And then he went go home and looked the beautiful cottage. His wife was very happy. One day, his w...

Figure Of Speech Definition of Figure of Speech A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create an effect. This effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to achieve something poetic, or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a visual picture or make an idea more vivid. Overall, figures of speech function as literary devices because of their expressive use of language. Words are used in other ways than their literal meanings or typical manner of application. For example, Margaret Atwood utilizes figures of speech in her poem “you fit into me” as a means of achieving poetic meaning and creating a vivid picture for the reader. you fit into me like a hook into an eye a fish hook an open eye The simile in the first two lines sets forth a comparison between the way “you” fits into the poet like a hook and eye closure for perhaps a garment. This is an example of rhetorical effect in that the wording carefully achieves the idea ...

  EXPLANATION TEXT Definition of Explanation Text Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books. Purpose of Explanation Text – Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena. – To explain how or why something happens. –  To tell how and why thing (phenomena) occur in nature. Generic Structure of Explanation Text – General statement General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained. – Sequenced of explanation Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena. – Closing Optional or not mandatory. Language Features of Explanation Text In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below : – Using simple present tense – Using abstract noun (...

Cause and effect is a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other   or others. This is a combination of action and reaction. Cause and Effect: “Because Of” and “Due To” Adverb clauses introduced by  because  express cause and effect relationships: Because   it was raining,  I wore a hooded sweatshirt. Because of  and  due to  are phrasal prepositions. They express the same cause-effect relationship as  because .  However, a preposition is followed by a noun object, not by a subject and a verb: Because of  the rain ,  I wore a hooded sweatshirt. Due to  the rain,  I wore a hooded sweatshirt.  introduced by  the fact that . Native English speakers rarely use it in conversations or informal writing: Due to the fact that  it was raining,  I wore hooded sweatshirt. Like adverb clauses, phrasal prepositions can also follow the main clause. Note the lack of a comma in these...

  Type 3 conditional Form In a type 3 conditional sentence, the tense in the "if" clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional or the perfect continuous conditional. If clause (condition) Main clause (result) If + past perfect perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional If this thing had happened that thing would have happened. As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical. Examples : If it had rained, you would have gotten wet. You would have gotten wet if it had rained. You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder. If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam. I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before. If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you. Function : The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible...

    Conditional Sentence Type 2 Type 2 conditional sentences or second conditionals are used when the result / consequence of the condition has no or little chance of being realized because the condition cannot be fulfilled in the present or the condition is difficult to fulfill in the future. You can watch the video above to better understand this material. Formulas and Examples of Type 2 Conditional Sentence Sentences: if +  simple past  / were, would/could/might + bare infinitive 1 If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.) 2 If I were you, I’d tell him the truth. (Jika saya jadi kamu, saya akan mengatakan yang sebenarnya padanya.)

 National Doctor's Day  As part of the front line in dealing with Covid-19 in Indonesia, to coincide with the commemoration of this National Doctor's Day, health workers ask the public to comply with health or protocols : 1. Wearing masks 2. Maintaining distance 3. Washing hands In addition, efforts to overcome Covid-19 in Indonesia also require support from the government in education to ensure the public understands, increasing 3T activities (Tracing, Testing, and Treatment), and research funding for the development of Covid-19 therapy so that the mortality rate can decrease.   Youth Pledge Day October 28, 1928 is an important history for the Indonesian people. This is because young people from across the archipelago gathered to take the Youth Pledge and the slogan "Satu Nusa, Satu Bangsa dan Satu Bahasa" or "One Nusa, One Nation and One Language" was created. The youths consisted of Jong Batak (Batak youth association), Jong Java (Java), Jong Sumatranen B...

  CONDITIONAL "IF" TYPE 0 (ZERO) DEFINITION CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Conditional Sentence is a form of complex sentence which is formed from a subordinate clause which begins with a subordinate conjunction if it is a condition  and the main clause is also a result or consequence. FUNCTION CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1. State the conditions that will occur if the conditions are met now or in the future. 2. Expressing a presumption at present or in the future but in reality the opposite so that the probability of occurrence is very small. 3. Conditionally state what has happened in the past. For type 3 conditional sentences, it is usually in the form of regret for events that occurred because the conditions were not met Definition of Type 0 Conditional Sentence It can be concluded that what is meant by conditional sentence type 0 or zero conditional is a conditional sentence whose result is a general truth or fact, and can also express a habit.  As with other conditional sentence ty...

    Conditional Sentences Type 1 Definition of Conditional Sentence Conditional sentences are complex sentences (compound sentences) which are formed from subordinate clauses that begin with the subordinate conjunction if in the form of conditions and the main clause in the form of result / consequence (result). There are 4 types of conditional sentences that are commonly used, namely: type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 0. You can see the video below about the first conditional material. In general, the conditional sentence formula is as follows. complex sentence subordinate clause main clause if + condition result/consequence If-clause  dapat menempati awal atau tengah kalimat. Ketika  if-clause  menempati awal kalimat,  koma  ditempatkan sebelum  main clause . Conditional Sentence Type 1 Type 1 conditional sentences or first conditionals are used when the result / consequence of the condition has the possibility to materialize in the future becaus...

Functions of the passive voice The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence. Examples The passive voice  is used  frequently. (= we are interested in the passive voice, not in who uses it.) The house  was built  in 1654. (= we are interested in the house, not in who built it.) The road  is being repaired . (= we are interested in the road, not in the people who are doing the repairs.) Sometimes we use the passive voice because we don't know or do not want to express who performed the action. Examples I noticed that a window  had been left  open. Every year thousands of people  are killed  on our roads. All the cookies  have been eaten . My car  has been stolen ! The passive voice is often used in formal texts. Switching to the active voice w...